Hi! First time poster, short time reader. I didn't read the entire post, but would like to throw my two cents in on recommendations in Denver.
First of all, DO NOT go to Casa Bonita. It is a slop cafeteria hell, and is geared toward children under the age of 10. Enough said.
It seems you are looking for local flavor - Pisco's on 6th Avenue near Downing offers bountiful South American fare at a reasonable price with a spectacular wine list. Try their house pisco sour, also the fries were voted best of Denver a few years in a row.
If you are looking to hit more of a scene (as well as Denver's foodie heaven), try some of the finer Cherry Creek North restaurants. My favorites are:
Cucina Colore (3041 E. 3rd Ave) - Modern Italian cooked to perfection in a hip space;
Chinook Tavern (265 Detroit) - Think "tavern" as in West Town Tavern - IMO the best food in Denver - desserts are made in house, try the rote grutze (dessert), the weinerschnitzel and any of the Paulaner beers on tap;
Mel's Restaurant and Bar (235 Fillmore St.) - New American, great food, even better wine!.
Keep looking around in Cherry Creek North (it's only a ~10x4 block area directly north of the Cherry Creek Mall) for awesome restaurants, quaint shops, etc. If you had a day to spend in Denver and some money to blow, this is where you'd want to be.
A couple of other Denver favorites:
Santino's (2390 S. Downing - Always great Northern Italian fare here; to-die-for garlic bread; strong wine list; reasonable prices; try the bread salad!)
Lola (1469 Pearl - Another great latin restaurant - amazing tequila selection; good seafood; great brunch; ask for Jenna if she's still there)
Vesta Dipping Grill (1822 Blake - this one is in LODO (LOwer DOwntown) where there are all kinds of great restaurants and bars. They offer a mystifying selection of - you guessed it! - dipping sauces that you choose with each plate. Great food and service, even cooler atmosphere)
While there are definitely fewer outstanding restaurants in Denver when compared to Chicago or New York, there are also fewer people which leaves fewer foodies to rave about the great restaurants that are there. Denver isn't exactly a "foodie" town, but there are great finds to be had. Good luck finding them!
All of the restaurants I mentioned are modestly priced, and I would consider each one to be an exceptional deal in the casual upscale realm.
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