Mike G wrote:I realize that Europe packs a lot of history and culture into a small area, and there's certainly some grounds for saying that Belgium and X chunk of the Netherlands are quite distinct, but I still can't help looking at the actual size of those places and thinking that it's sort of like proudly drawing distinctions between the peoples and cultures of Will and McHenry counties...
I don't mean the following statement in a snotty way at all but I believe it is very true: The view given in the above quote is from a decidedly American perspective. I would argue that the norm in most of the rest of the world is for local differences of all manner of cultural expression to have been and in many cases still to be quite marked and that the large-scale homogeneity of the United States is very exceptional, as well as dull, and a depressing model for future developments all over this shrinking globe.
From a linguistic perspective part of the homogeneity seems to be a natural product of colonial expansion and the spread of a single dominant language over a linguistically mixed population. The lack of dialectal diversity in North American English over an enormous expanse of territory is really extraordinary and finds
rough parallels only in the Spanish of the New World (which has greater dialectal diversity but also covers more territory and absorbed large alloglot autochthonous populations, whereas the bearers of English for the most part exterminated or displaced relatively much smaller native populations) and the zones to the east of old Russia, into which Russian has expanded (this zone of Russian expansion shows relatively little dialectal diversity, especially in comparison with the quite variegate dialectal landscape of western Russia, which itself fits into a large, broader complex of Slavic).
The differences over short distances in some parts of Europe are quite remarkable, though, alas, in many cases the diversity has been reduced massively over the past 200 years and especially the last 30-50 years. Within the Benelux area, i.e., the Low Countries of the Netherlands and Belgium along with Luxembourg, there is considerable linguistic complexity.* In the Netherlands, Dutch has lost much (though not all) of its dialectal diversity, but the country includes within its borders a sizeable (400,000 speakers) linguistic minority that speaks Frisian, a language historically more closely related to English than to Dutch. In Luxembourg, both standard German and standard French fill various cultural and social rôles but exist alongside the increasingly standardised Franconian dialect (or is it now to be called a language?) of most of the population, Lëtzebuergesch. In Belgium, there are really four languages spoken, two of which show considerable dialectal diversity: standard French, standard Dutch along with several strongly divergent Dutch dialects, German (in a small enclave in the far east) and Walloon, which is related to French but really can be legitimately regarded as a distinct language with its own striking dialectal diversity.
In the Dutch half of Belgium for example, an area smaller than the State of New Jersey, there are four major dialect areas and mutual comprehension of dialect speakers across any two of those borders, without recourse to standard Dutch or an auxiliary language (e.g. French) is minimal; i.e., a dialect speaker from Flanders would not be able to understand a dialect speaker from Limburg without experience or help. Certain local dialects are particularly difficult to understand, such as those of the cities of southern Brabant (Brussels, Leuven), and many Brabanders from other parts of the Brabantish dialect area can't understand the Brussels or Leuvens (alas, almost dead) dialects well at all. The distances involved here are quite small -- an hour or so by car from Brussels to the west (to, say, Gent in East Flanders), north (to Antwerp) or east (to Hasselt in Limburg) puts one — or at least in the not too distant past put one — in a completely different dialect area. Last example: in the small city where I lived (Leuven), there were in the 20th century still three recognisable dialects, corresponding roughly to the three main parishes; this is a city of just some thirty thousand people.
Similar conditions do obtain or until recently have obtained in many other parts of Europe and, for that matter, the rest of the world. Cultural and even dialectal diversity is somewhat more pronounced in those part of Anglophone North America that have been populated the longest, namely on the eastern seaboard, but more and more, with the movement of population, influx of new immigrants, and most perniciously the spread of mass, consumerist culture, real local traditions of all sorts are going the way of the dinosaur. From a linguistic standpoint, the homogenisation process is also well advanced, finding resistance only in certain, lower socio-economic circles in which identity is still local and not yet completely given over to the soulless consumerist beast.
The laser focus on chow will be brought to light when the relationship between the matters discussed here and the geography of cuisine in the Low countries is addressed in a subsequent post (in sha'allah).
ex animo,
Antonius
* Completely ignored in this discussion, for obvious reasons of focus, are all questions of linguistic diversity arising through immigration in modern times.
Last edited by
Antonius on June 10th, 2013, 1:08 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Alle Nerven exzitiert von dem gewürzten Wein -- Anwandlung von Todesahndungen -- Doppeltgänger --
- aus dem Tagebuch E.T.A. Hoffmanns, 6. Januar 1804.
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Na sir is na seachain an cath.