Fortunately for you, Bacchus, you are in one of the truly great fine dining areas in New York. I worked in that area for a number of years and had some of the first truly great meals that I ever ate in that neighborhood.
Since you're on business, I hope that you're also on a good expense account because the neighborhood's better offerings can also be quite pricey. As I thought of your request, I asked myself, if I were to win an all expense paid trip to New York, and could eat wherever I want as long as I was north of 50th Street, South of Central Park and east of Fifth Avenue. Here's what I came up with by preference:
1. One of the great old dames remaining from New York's glory days of fine french dining is Le Grenouille at 3 East 52nd. It is one of those terribly expensive places that everyone should eat once. Fortunately, they have a three course business lunch that costs $37.50. It's a good value for what you get and a great opportunity to eat at a place that's been regularly heralded as one of New York's finest for over 40 years.
2. The neighborhood has some great Indian places. They're more white table cloth than Devon Avenue. Many offer an extremely reasonably priced lunch buffet. Some of the names that you'll want to look out for are Aji and Dawat. My favorite is Chola which rates consistently high on food quality. The buffet there runs around $15.
3. Shun Le Palace is considered by many to be New York's finest Chinese. It is located at 155 E. 55th. The food is excellent. The service is impeccable. The tab will probably be considered high for Chinese. An Alternative might be Peking Duck House at 236 E 53rd. It is more reasonable and is the sister of a well known Chinatown place by the same name. The crispy duck is what you go for.
4. The first really great meal I ever ate in New York was at Il Menestrello on 52nd Street across from the Omni. I had been working in New York for about two weeks and was experiencing some home sickness when my boss back in North Carolina gave me the ok to treat myself to a great dinner in the city. Il Menestrello was right across the street from my hotel. The quality of the food, the wine selection and the service was like nothing that this country boy had ever experienced before.
5. Late night eats can be had quite reliably at Brasserie at 100 E. 53rd. Where else can one get french onion soup or braised short ribs at one in the morning. Prices are pretty reasonable at this old warhorse of the manhattan dining scene.
6. Cheap eats. There's a rule of thumb. In midtown, Places located between Park Avenue and Eighth Avenue largely cater to tourists and are generally more expensive than places east of Third Avenue and West of Eighth.
Within the midtwon area there's a great local chain that originated downtown in Chelsea and has recently opened a store in midtown called F&B (Franks and Beignets). It's a european style food stand specializing in danish style hot dogs, frites and mini-beignets. It's a really good way to get a cheap meal for under $10 in Manhattan.
During the day, I encourage you to check out the underground concourse mall under the Rockefeller Center at Fifth and 51st. There is a takeout place there called Savories that operates a high quality cafeteria option that you can take advantage of for lunch of dinner. Simply enter Rock Center at Fifth and 51st, take the escalator and one additional set of stairs down and you are in the underground mall. Breakfast and/or lunch for under $10 is the norm here.
7. For amazing fresh sushi, I love Sushi Ann at 38 E. 51st. The fish is pristine. The service can be spotty and the bill will rival one at Heat or Katsu.
8. Finally, though its outside of my defined territory, take a stroll down Madison to Grand Central at 42nd Street. The Oyster Bar is located in the basement of Grand Central. watch for the signs as you enter. To me there's nothing more perfect than a hand selected plate of oysters from their extensive menu and a well mixed cocktail for a simple, elegant and moderately inexpensive dinner.
Note: I like Jezebel an awful lot. But find the tab a bit pricey for glorified soul food.
Good eating!!